Servlet 数据库访问

本教程假定您已经了解了 JDBC 应用程序的工作方式。在您开始学习 Servlet 数据库访问之前,请访问 Java MySQL 连接 来设置相关驱动及配置。

注意:

你可以下载本站提供的 jar 包:mysql-connector-java-5.1.39-bin.jar

在 java 项目中,只需要在 Eclipse 中引入 mysql-connector-java-5.1.39-bin.jar 就可以运行java项目。

但是在 Eclipse web 项目中,当执行 Class.forName(\”com.mysql.jdbc.Driver\”);时 不会去查找驱动的。所以本实例中我们需要把 mysql-connector-java-5.1.39-bin.jar 拷贝到 tomcat 下 lib 目录。

从基本概念下手,让我们来创建一个简单的表,并在表中创建几条记录。


创建测试数据

接下来我们在 MySQL 中创建 RUNOOB 数据库,并创建 websites 数据表,表结构如下:

CREATE TABLE `websites` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` char(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT \'\' COMMENT \'站点名称\',
  `url` varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT \'\',
  `alexa` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT \'0\' COMMENT \'Alexa 排名\',
  `country` char(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT \'\' COMMENT \'国家\',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=10 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

插入一些数据:

INSERT INTO `websites` VALUES (\'1\', \'Google\', \'https://www.google.cm/\', \'1\', \'USA\'), (\'2\', \'淘宝\', \'https://www.taobao.com/\', \'13\', \'CN\'), (\'3\', \'教程\', \'http://www.itpon.com\', \'5892\', \'\'), (\'4\', \'微博\', \'http://weibo.com/\', \'20\', \'CN\'), (\'5\', \'Facebook\', \'https://www.facebook.com/\', \'3\', \'USA\');

数据表显示如下:



访问数据库

下面的实例演示了如何使用 Servlet 访问 RUNOOB 数据库。

package com.itpon.test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.sql.*;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class DatabaseAccess
 */
@WebServlet(\"/DatabaseAccess\")
public class DatabaseAccess extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    // JDBC 驱动名及数据库 URL
    static final String JDBC_DRIVER = \"com.mysql.jdbc.Driver\";  
    static final String DB_URL = \"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/RUNOOB\";
    
    // 数据库的用户名与密码,需要根据自己的设置
    static final String USER = \"root\";
    static final String PASS = \"123456\"; 
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public DatabaseAccess() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
     */
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        // 设置响应内容类型
        response.setContentType(\"text/html;charset=UTF-8\");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        String title = \"Servlet Mysql 测试 - 教程\";
        String docType = \"<!DOCTYPE html>\\n\";
        out.println(docType +
        \"<html>\\n\" +
        \"<head><title>\" + title + \"</title></head>\\n\" +
        \"<body bgcolor=\\\"#f0f0f0\\\">\\n\" +
        \"<h1 align=\\\"center\\\">\" + title + \"</h1>\\n\");
        try{
            // 注册 JDBC 驱动器
            Class.forName(\"com.mysql.jdbc.Driver\");
            
            // 打开一个连接
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS);

            // 执行 SQL 查询
            stmt = conn.createStatement();
            String sql;
            sql = \"SELECT id, name, url FROM websites\";
            ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);

            // 展开结果集数据库
            while(rs.next()){
                // 通过字段检索
                int id  = rs.getInt(\"id\");
                String name = rs.getString(\"name\");
                String url = rs.getString(\"url\");
    
                // 输出数据
                out.println(\"ID: \" + id);
                out.println(\", 站点名称: \" + name);
                out.println(\", 站点 URL: \" + url);
                out.println(\"<br />\");
            }
            out.println(\"</body></html>\");

            // 完成后关闭
            rs.close();
            stmt.close();
            conn.close();
        } catch(SQLException se) {
            // 处理 JDBC 错误
            se.printStackTrace();
        } catch(Exception e) {
            // 处理 Class.forName 错误
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            // 最后是用于关闭资源的块
            try{
                if(stmt!=null)
                stmt.close();
            }catch(SQLException se2){
            }
            try{
                if(conn!=null)
                conn.close();
            }catch(SQLException se){
                se.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
       
    }

    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
     */
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

现在让我们来编译上面的 Servlet,并在 web.xml 文件中创建以下条目:

....
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DatabaseAccess</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.itpon.test.DatabaseAccess</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DatabaseAccess</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/TomcatTest/DatabaseAccess</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
....

现在调用这个 Servlet,输入链接:http://localhost:8080/TomcatTest/DatabaseAccess,将显示以下响应结果: