Bootstrap 字体图标(Glyphicons)
本章将讲解字体图标(Glyphicons)，并通过一些实例了解它的使用。Bootstrap 捆绑了 200 多种字体格式的字形。首先让我们先来理解一下什么是字体图标。
什么是字体图标？
字体图标是在 Web 项目中使用的图标字体。虽然，Glyphicons Halflings 需要商业许可，但是您可以通过基于项目的 Bootstrap 来免费使用这些图标。
为了表示对图标作者的感谢，希望您在使用时加上 GLYPHICONS 网站的链接。
获取字体图标
我们已经在 环境安装 章节下载了 Bootstrap 3.x 版本，并理解了它的目录结构。在 fonts 文件夹内可以找到字体图标，它包含了下列这些文件：
- glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot
- glyphicons-halflings-regular.svg
- glyphicons-halflings-regular.ttf
- glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff
相关的 CSS 规则写在 dist 文件夹内的 css 文件夹内的 bootstrap.css 和 bootstrap-min.css 文件上。
字体图标列表
点击这里，查看可用的字体图标列表。
CSS 规则解释
下面的 CSS 规则构成 glyphicon class。
@font-face {
font-family: \'Glyphicons Halflings\';
src: url(\'../fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot\');
src: url(\'../fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot?#iefix\') format(\'embedded-opentype\'), url(\'../fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff\') format(\'woff\'), url(\'../fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.ttf\') format(\'truetype\'), url(\'../fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.svg#glyphicons_halflingsregular\') format(\'svg\');
}
.glyphicon {
position: relative;
top: 1px;
display: inline-block;
font-family: \'Glyphicons Halflings\';
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
font-style: normal;
font-weight: normal;
line-height: 1;
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}
所以 font-face 规则实际上是在找到 glyphicons 地方声明 font-family 和位置。
.glyphicon class 声明一个从顶部偏移 1px 的相对位置，呈现为 inline-block，声明字体，规定 font-style 和 font-weight 为 normal，设置行高为 1。除此之外，使用 -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased 和 -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; 获得跨浏览器的一致性。
然后，这里的
.glyphicon:empty {
width: 1em;
}
是空的 glyphicon。
这里有 200 个 class，每个 class 针对一个图标。这些 class 的常见格式如下：
.glyphicon-keyword:before {
content: \"hexvalue\";
}
比如，使用的 user 图标，它的 class 如下：
.glyphicon-user:before {
content: \"\\e008\";
}
用法
如需使用图标，只需要简单地使用下面的代码即可。请在图标和文本之间保留适当的空间。
<span></span>
下面的实例演示了如何使用字体图标：
实例
<p>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-attributes"></span>
</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-attributes-alt"></span>
</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-order"></span>
</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-order-alt"></span>
</button>
</p>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-lg">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span> User
</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-sm">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span> User
</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-xs">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span> User
</button>
结果如下所示：
带有字体图标的导航栏
实例
<div class="navbar navbar-fixed-top navbar-inverse" role="navigation">
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Project name</a>
</div>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active">
<a href="#">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-home">Home</span></a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#shop">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-shopping-cart">Shop</span></a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#support">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-headphones">Support</span></a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- /.nav-collapse -->
</div>
<!-- /.container -->
</div>
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 插件需要引入) -->
<script src="https://cdn.static.itpon.com/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<!-- 包含了所有编译插件 -->
<script src="https://cdn.static.itpon.com/libs/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
定制字体图标
我们已经看到如何使用字体图标，接下来我们看看如何定制字体图标。
我们将以上面的实例开始，并通过改变字体尺寸、颜色和应用文本阴影来进行定制图标。
下面是开始的代码：
<button type=\"button\"> <span></span> User </button>
效果如下所示：
定制字体尺寸
通过增加或减少图标的字体尺寸，您可以让图标看起来更大或更小。
<button type=\"button\" style=\"font-size: 60px\"> <span></span> User </button>
定制字体颜色
<button type=\"button\" style=\"color: rgb(212, 106, 64);\"> <span></span> User </button>
应用文本阴影
<button type=\"button\" style=\"text-shadow: black 5px 3px 3px;\"> <span></span> User </button>
在线定制字体图标
点击这里，定制字体图标 »
图标列表
| 图标 | 类名 | 实例 |
|---|---|---|
| glyphicon glyphicon-asterisk | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-plus | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-minus | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-euro | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-cloud | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-envelope | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-pencil | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-glass | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-music | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-search | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-heart | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-star | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-star-empty | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-user | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-film | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-th-large | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-th | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-th-list | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-ok | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-remove | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-zoom-in | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-zoom-out | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-off | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-signal | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-cog | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-trash | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-home | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-file | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-time | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-road | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-download-alt | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-download | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-upload | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-inbox | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-play-circle | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-repeat | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-refresh | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-list-alt | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-lock | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-flag | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-headphones | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-volume-off | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-volume-down | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-volume-up | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-qrcode | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-barcode | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-tag | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-tags | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-book | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-bookmark | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-print | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-camera | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-font | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-bold | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-italic | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-text-height | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-text-width | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-align-left | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-align-center | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-align-right | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-align-justify | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-list | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-indent-left | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-indent-right | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-facetime-video | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-picture | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-map-marker | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-adjust | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-tint | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-edit | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-share | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-check | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-move | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-step-backward | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-fast-backward | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-backward | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-play | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-pause | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-stop | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-forward | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-fast-forward | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-step-forward | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-eject | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-minus-sign | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-remove-sign | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-ok-sign | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-question-sign | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-info-sign | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-screenshot | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-remove-circle | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-ok-circle | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-ban-circle | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-left | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-right | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-up | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-down | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-share-alt | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-resize-full | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-resize-small | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-exclamation-sign | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-gift | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-leaf | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-fire | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-eye-open | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-eye-close | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-warning-sign | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-plane | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-calendar | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-random | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-comment | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-magnet | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-up | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-down | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-retweet | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-shopping-cart | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-folder-close | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-folder-open | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-resize-vertical | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-resize-horizontal | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-hdd | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-bullhorn | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-bell | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-certificate | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-down | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-hand-right | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-hand-left | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-hand-up | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-hand-down | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-right | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-left | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-up | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-down | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-globe | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-wrench | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-tasks | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-filter | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-briefcase | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-fullscreen | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-dashboard | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-paperclip | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-heart-empty | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-link | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-phone | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-pushpin | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-usd | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-gbp | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-sort | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-alphabet | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-alphabet-alt | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-order | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-order-alt | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-attributes | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-attributes-alt | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-unchecked | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-expand | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-collapse-down | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-collapse-up | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-log-in | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-flash | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-log-out | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-new-window | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-record | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-save | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-open | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-saved | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-import | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-export | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-send | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-disk | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-saved | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-remove | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-save | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-open | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-credit-card | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-transfer | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-cutlery | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-header | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-compressed | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-earphone | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-phone-alt | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-tower | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-stats | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-sd-video | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-hd-video | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-subtitles | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-sound-stereo | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-sound-dolby | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-sound-5-1 | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-sound-6-1 | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-sound-7-1 | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-copyright-mark | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-registration-mark | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-cloud-download | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-cloud-upload | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-tree-conifer | ||
| glyphicon glyphicon-tree-deciduous |
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